2016 SUMMER OLYMPİCS RİO

"Rio 2016" Redirects Here. For The 2016 Paralympic Games, See 2016 Summer Paralympics.

The 2016 Summer Olympics (Portuguese: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad and commonly known as Rio 2016, is a major international multi-sport event being held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 August to 21 August 2016.

More than 11,000 athletes from 207 National Olympic Committees, including first time entrants Kosovo, South Sudan, and theRefugee Olympic Team, are taking part. 

With 306 sets of medals, the games features 28 Olympic sports, including rugby sevens and golf, which were added to the Olympic program in 2009. These sporting events are taking place at 33 venues in the host city, and at five in São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasília, and Manaus.

These are the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.

The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 2 October 2009. Rio became the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics. These are the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country, the first to be held entirely in winter, the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America, and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere.

The lead-up to these Games was marked by controversies, including the instability of the country's federal government; health and safety concerns surrounding the Zika virus and significant pollution in the Guanabara Bay; and a doping scandal involvingRussia, which has affected the participation of its athletes in the Games.

BİDDİNG PROCESS

The bidding process for the 2016 Olympic Games was officially launched on 16 May 2007.

The first step for each city was to submit an initial application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) by 13 September 2007, confirming their intention to bid. Completed official bid files, containing answers to a 25-question IOC form, were to be submitted by each applicant city by 14 January 2008. Four candidate cities were chosen for the shortlist on 4 June 2008: Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, which hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics and will host again in 2020. The IOC did not promote Doha to the candidature phase, despite scoring higher than selected candidate city Rio de Janeiro, because of their intent of hosting the Olympics in October, outside of the IOC's sporting calendar. Prague and Baku also failed to make the cut.

Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco headed the 10-member Evaluation Commission, having also chaired the evaluation commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bids.

The commission made on-site inspections in the second quarter of 2009. They issued a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members on 2 September, one month before elections.^[6]

Many restrictions are in place designed to prevent bidding cities from communicating with or influencing directly the 115 voting members. Cities may not invite any IOC member to visit nor may they send anything that could be construed as a gift.

Nonetheless, bidding cities invest large sums in their PR and media programs in an attempt to indirectly influence the IOC members by garnering domestic support, support from sports media and general international media.

Ultimately, you are communicating with just 115 people and each one has influencers and pressure groups but you are still speaking to no more than about 1,500 people, perhaps 5,000 in the broadest sense. It is not just about getting ads out there but it is about a targeted and very carefully planned campaign.

— Jon Tibbs, a consultant on the Tokyo bid

The final voting was held on 2 October 2009, in Copenhagen with Madrid and Rio de Janeiro perceived as favourites to land the games. Chicago and Tokyo were eliminated after the first and second rounds of voting, respectively, while Rio de Janeiro took a significant lead over Madrid heading into the final round. The lead held and Rio de Janeiro was announced as host of 2016 Summer Olympics. Failed bids from other South American cities include Buenos Aires (1936, 1956, 1968, 2004) and Brasília, which withdrew during the 2000 Summer Olympic bidding process.

Development And Preparation

On 26 June 2011, it was reported on  Around The Rings.com  that Roderlei Generali, the COO of the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, resigned just one year after taking the job at ROOC. This comes just five months after CCO Flávio Pestana quit for personal reasons. Pestana withdrew later during the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Renato Ciuchin was then appointed as COO.

Venues and infrastructure

Main article: Venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics

Events will take place at eighteen existing venues (eight of which require some redevelopment), nine new venues constructed for the Summer Games, and seven temporary venues which will be removed following the games.

Each event will be held in one of four geographically segregated Olympic clusters: Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, andMaracanã. The same was done for the 2007 Pan American Games. Several of the venues will be located at the Barra Cluster Olympic Park. 

Athletes could access their venues in shorter than 10 minutes and about 75 percent could do so in less than 25 minutes. Of the 34 competition locales, eight have undergone permanent works, seven are limited, and nine are perpetual legacy venues.

The largest venue at the games in terms of seating capacity is the Maracanã Stadium, officially known as Jornalista Mário Filho Stadium, which can hold 74,738 spectators and will serve as the official Olympic Stadium, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies as well as football finals. 

The second largest stadium is Estádio Nilton Santos,Botafogo club home field, which can hold 60,000 spectators and will host all track and field events. In addition, five venues outside Rio de Janeiro will host football events, in the cities of Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Manaus, Salvador and São Paulo.

The athletes' village is said to be the largest in Olympic history. Fittings will include about 80,000 chairs, 70,000 tables, 29,000 mattresses, 60,000 clothes hangers, 6,000 television sets and 10,000 smartphones.

OLYMPİC PARK

Main article: Barra Olympic Park

The Barra Olympic Park is a cluster of nine sporting venues in Barra da Tijuca, in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil that will be used for the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics. The site of the Olympic Park was formerly occupied by the Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet, also known as Jacarepaguá.

The nine venues to be used within the Olympic Park are: Carioca Arena 1: basketball (capacity: 16,000);Carioca Arena 2: wrestling, judo (capacity: 10,000); Carioca Arena 3: fencing, taekwondo (capacity: 10,000); Future Arena: handball (capacity: 12,000); Maria Lenk Aquatics Centre: diving, synchronised swimming, water polo (capacity: 5,000); Olympic Aquatics Stadium: swimming, water polo play-offs (capacity: 15,000); Olympic Tennis Centre: tennis (capacity: 10,000 Main Court); Rio Olympic Arena: gymnastics (capacity: 12,000); and Rio Olympic Velodrome: track cycling (capacity: 5,000).

FOOTBALL

Main article: Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics

As well as the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange and Maracanã and in Rio de Janeiro, some football games will take place at 5 venues in the cities of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte,  Salvador,  Brasília  and  Manaus.

URBAN RENOVATİON

Main article: Port of Rio de Janeiro

Rio's historical downtown is undergoing a large-scale urban waterfront revitalization project called Porto Maravilha.

It covers 5 km² (1.9 sq mi) in area. The project aims to redevelop the port area, increasing the city center's attractiveness and enhancing Rio's competitive position in the global economy. The urban renovation involves: 700 km (430 mi) of public networks for water supply, sanitation, drainage, electricity, gas and telecom; 4 km (2.5 mi) of tunnels; 70 km (43 mi) of roads; 650 km² (250 sq mi) of sidewalks; 17 km (11 mi) of bike path; 15,000 trees; three sanitation treatment plants. As part of this renovation, a new tram will be built and will run from the Santos Dumont Airport to Rodoviária Novo Rio. It was due to open in April 2016.

The Games require more than 200 kilometres of security fencing. To store material, Rio 2016 is using two warehouses. A 15,000 square metre warehouse in Barra da Tijuca in western Rio is being used to assemble and supply the furniture and fittings for the Olympic Village. A second warehouse of 90,000 square metres, located in Duque de Caxias near the roads that provide access to the venues, contains all the equipment needed for the sporting events.

Technology

The Rio Olympic Games will have brand-new robotic technology created by Mark Roberts Motion Control to broaden the reach of photographers at multiple venues.

Medals

The medal design was unveiled on 15 June 2016; they are produced by the Casa da Moeda do Brasil. The bronze and silver medals contain 30% recycled materials, while the gold medals were produced using gold that had been mined and extracted using means that met a series of sustainability criteria, such as being extracted without the use of mercury. The medals feature a wreath design, while the obverse, as is traditional, features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. They are accompanied by a wooden carrying box, while medallists also receive a trophy of the Games' emblem.

Sustainability

As an aspect of its original bid, Rio's organizing committee committed to a focus on sustainability and environmental protection as a theme of these Games, going on to dub them a "Green Games for a Blue Planet"

Organizers intended to, as legacy projects, introduce a wider array of public transport options, upgrade the infrastructure of the favelas to provide improved transport and access to utilities, and upgrade Rio's sewer system in order to remediate the level of pollution in the Guanabara Bay.

Organizers also announced plans to plant 24 million seedlings to offset the expected carbon emissions of the Games. However, some of these projects have been met with delays or faced with economic shortfalls, which led some critics to believe that Rio would not be able to accomplish these goals.

The focus on environmental protection also influenced the implementation of certain Olympic protocols: the Olympic cauldron was designed to be smaller than previous iterations in order to reduce emissions, and utilizes a kinetic sculpture to enhance its appearance in lieu of a larger body of flames.^[27] The bronze and silver medals, as well as ribbons on all medals, incorporate recycled materials, and unlike previous Games, athletes are not presented with flowers during medal ceremonies, as had been traditionally done at prior Olympics (although flowers are still used as part of the staging of medal presentations). Organizers considered the practice to be in conflict with the focus on sustainability, stating that these flowers were often thrown away, and "would struggle to survive in the tropical Brazilian climate" if kept. The podiums were also designed so that their materials could be recycled to make furniture. The Future Arena, host of handball competitions, was designed as a modular temporary venue whose components can be reconstructed to build schools.

Portions of the opening ceremony were also dedicated to the issue of climate change.

Torch relay

Main article: 2016 Summer Olympics torch relay

The Olympic flame was lit at the temple of Hera in Olympia on 21 April 2016, the traditional start of the Greek phase of the torch relay. On 27 April the flame was handed over to the Brazilian organizers at a ceremony at thePanathenaic Stadium in Athens. A brief stop was made in Switzerland to visit the IOC headquarters and the Olympic Museum in Lausanne as well as the United Nations Office at Geneva.^[33]

The torch relay began its Brazilian journey on 3 May at the capital Brasília. The torch relay visited more than 300 Brazilian cities (including all the 26 states capitals and the Brazilian Federal District), with the last part held in the city of Rio de Janeiro, lighting the cauldron during the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony on 5 August.

Ticketing

The ticket prices were announced on 16 September 2014, all of which will be sold in Brazilian reais (BRL). A total of 7.5 million tickets will be sold; 200,000 tickets less compared to the 2012 Summer Olympics, because the size of many arenas is smaller. Ticket prices range from BRL 40 for many events to BRL 4,600 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. About 3.8 million of these tickets will be available for BRL 70 or less.^[35][36] The street events such as road cycling, race walk and the marathon can be watched along their routes for free.

Opening ceremony

Main articles: 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony and 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations

The opening ceremony took place in the Maracanã Stadium on 5 August 2016, and was directed by Fernando Meirelles, Daniela Thomas and Andrucha Waddington.

The ceremony highlighted aspects of Brazilian history and culture, and featured a segment narrated by Fernanda Montenegro and Judi Dench with an appeal to environmental conservation and preventing global warming. The ceremony also featured the inaugural presentation of the Olympic Laurel, an honour bestowed by the IOC to those that have made "significant achievements in education, culture, development and peace through sport", to Kipchoge "Kip" Keino.^[40] The Games were officially opened by Acting President of Brazil Michel Temer.

The Olympic cauldron was lit by Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima, the Men's marathon bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics who was also awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship by the IOC after being attacked by a spectator and losing his lead. The cauldron was originally expected to be lit by Brazilian footballer Pelé, but he declined to participate due to health problems.

Sports

The 2016 Summer Olympic program features 28 sports and a total of 41 disciplines and 306 events.

Aquatics,  Diving (8),  Swimming (34),  Synchronized, swimming (2),  Water polo (2),  Archery (4),  Athletics (47)

 Badminton (5),  Basketball (2),  Boxing (13),  Canoeing Slalom (4), Sprint (12),

 Cycling, BMX (2), Mountain biking (2), Road (4), Track (10)

 Equestrian, Dressage (2), Eventing (2), Jumping (2)

 Fencing (10),  Field hockey (2),  Football (2),  Golf (2)

 Gymnastics, Artistic (14), Rhythmic (2), Trampoline (2)

 Handball (2),  Judo (14),  Modern pentathlon (2)

 Rowing (14),  Rugby sevens (2),  Sailing (10),

 Shooting (15),  Table tennis (4),  Taekwondo (8)

 Tennis (5),  Triathlon (2),  Volleyball, Volleyball (2)

Beach volleyball (2)

 Weightlifting (15),  Wrestling, Freestyle (12), Greco-Roman (6)

New sports

See also: 121st IOC Session

The two new sports for 2016 Olympic Games are golf and rugby sevens. There were two open spots for sports and initially seven sports began the bidding for inclusion in the 2016 program. Baseball and softball, which were dropped from the program in 2005, karate, squash, golf, roller sports, and rugby union all applied to be included. Leaders of the seven sports held presentations in front of the IOC executive board in June 2009.

In August, the executive board initially gave its approval to rugby sevens—a seven-player version of rugby union—by a majority vote, thus removing baseball, roller sports, and squash from contention. Among the remaining three—golf, karate, and softball—the board approved golf as a result of consultation. The final decision regarding the remaining two sports was made on 9 October 2009, the final day of the 121st IOC Session. A new system was in place at this session; a sport now needed only a simple majority from the full IOC committee for approval rather than the two-thirds majority previously required.

International Golf Federation executive director Antony Scanlon said that the top players, including Tiger Woods  and Annika Sörenstam, would show their continued support of golf's Olympic involvement by participating in the events.

The International Sailing Federation announced in May 2012 that windsurfing would be replaced at the 2016 Olympics by kitesurfing, but this decision was reversed in November. The IOC announced in January 2013 that it would review the status of cycling events, following Lance Armstrong's admission of using performance-enhancing drugs and accusations that cycling's governing body had covered up doping.

In contrast to the exception during the 2012 Olympics, the International Gymnastics Federation announced that these Games will have a gala event for gymnastics.

Participating National Olympic Committees

All 206 National Olympic Committees have qualified at least one athlete. The first three nations to qualify athletes for the Games were Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands who each qualified four athletes for the team dressage by winning medals in the team event at the 2014 FEI World Equestrian Games.

As host nation, Brazil has received automatic entry for some sports including in all cycling disciplines and six places for weightlifting events. The 2016 Summer Olympics are the first games in which Kosovo and South Sudan are eligible to participate. Bulgarian and Russian weightlifters were banned from Rio Olympics for numerous anti-doping violations.

Kuwait was banned in October 2015 for the second time in five years over government interference in the country's Olympic committee.

Refugee athletes

Main article: Refugee Olympic Team at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Due to the European migrant crisis and other reasons, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) will allow athletes to compete as Independent Olympians under the Olympic Flag. In the previous Olympic Games, refugees were ineligible to compete because of their inability to represent their home NOCs.^[60] On 2 March 2016, the IOC finalized plans for a specific Refugee Olympic Team (ROT); out of 43 refugee athletes deemed potentially eligible, 10 were chosen to form the team.

Independent athletes

Main article: Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Due to the suspension of the National Olympic Committee of Kuwait, participants from Kuwait were allowed to participate under the Olympic Flag as Independent Olympic Athletes.

In November 2015, Russia was provisionally suspended from all international athletic competitions by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) following a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) report into a doping program in the country.

The IAAF announced that it would allow individual Russian athletes to apply for "exceptional eligibility" to participate in the Games as "neutral" athletes, if it were independently verified that they had not engaged in doping nor in the Russian doping program.

On 24 July 2016, the IOC rejected the IAAF and WADA's recommendations to allow clean athletes to compete neutrally, stating that the Olympic Charter"does not foresee such 'neutral athletes'" and that it was up to each country's National Olympic Committee to decide which athletes would be competing.

OLİMPİYATLAR MI.?

EURO FUTBOL ŞAMPİYONASI MI.?

Kulağımıza ne kadar uzak bir tarih gibi gözükse de gözümüzü açıp kapayıncaya kadar bu tarih gelmiş olacak.

Türkiye önemli bir karar aşamasında, UEFA patronu Michael Platini İstanbul'daki konferansta "Ya Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası düzenleyeceksiniz ya da Olimpiyatları, böyle 2 büyük organizasyonu aynı anda düzenleyemezsiniz" diye Türkiye'yi uyardı.

Gerçekten hangi organizasyon Türkiye'ye daha faydalı olacak onu değerlendireceğiz.

Türkiye'nin hızlı büyüyen ekonomisi spora da yansımakta, özellikle futbol sponsorluk pastasının en büyük dilimini almakta ancak spor bu hızlı büyüyen ekonominin altında ezilmekte ve çarpık gelişim göstermekte.

Bu demek değil ki gözümüz kapalı son sürat aşağıya gidiyoruz, bir önceki seneye nazaran hatalarımızı biraz daha düzeltmiş oluyoruz.

Voleybolda, basketbolda kulüplerimiz finallere ya da yarı finallere çıksa da biz hala futbol ülkesiyiz ve bunu kırabilmek için de Olimpiyatlar'ı almamız gerekiyor. Kalbimiz yine futbol için atacak belki ama çocuklarımız o sporla tanıştıklarında aç kalırsın diye çocuğumuzu almak yerine ona destek olacağız.

2020 İSTANBUL OLİMPİYATLARI

İlk olimpiyat 1896'da Atina'da düzenlendi, o günden beri her 4 senede bir Olimpiyatlar düzenleniyor, sadece 3 kere dünya savaşları yüzünden iptal edildi.

İtalya'dan Amerika'ya, Güney Kore'den Meksika'ya 17 farklı ülke bu organizasyonu düzenledi ve bu sene Londra 3. kez bu organizasyonu düzenliyor.

Ülkeler bu organizasyonu bir fırsat olarak görüyor ve organizasyon alındıktan sonra tüm güçleriyle oyuncu yetiştirmeye odaklanıyor, önlerinde dolu dolu 7 seneleri oluyor ve eğer Türkiye bürokratik engellere takılmaz ise eğitime de ilkokullarından başlarsa, gelecek nesillere sporcu ruhunu yani olimpiyat ruhu aşılanmış nesiller yetiştiririz.

İnsana sevgi, sporcuya saygılı, dürüstçe mücadele eden ve ne pahasına olursa olsun rakip oyuncuyu sakatlamaktan kaçınan kişi ancak o zaman olimpiyat ruhunu alabilmiştir.

AVANTAJLAR:

- 200'den fazla ülkeden katılım olacak

- 28 spor dalından oyuncular yetişecek

- 11 binden fazla sporcu yarışacak

- 2 milyon kişi tribünlerden, 2 milyardan fazla insan televizyonlarından takip edecek

- 17 gün boyunca insanlar bir çok farklı spor dalı takip edebilecek. 

- Gelecek nesillerin sağlıklı gelişimini güvence altına alacak

- Dünyanın en iyi sporcuları yarışacak

DEZAVANTAJLARI:

- 20 milyar Dolar yatırım yapılmalı

- Eğitmenlerin kalitesi ve antrenörlerin genelde eşleri olması

- Türk milleti olarak organizasyonları hep son dakikaya bırakmak

- Oyuncu yetiştirmek yerine devşirmeye yönelebilinir

2020 AVRUPA FUTBOL ŞAMPİYONASI:

Avrupa Uluslar Kupası olan başlayan bu turnuva 1968 yılında mevcut ismini aldı. İlk olarak 1960'da Fransa'da düzenlendi.

Bu kupayı müzesine ilk götüren, Yugoslavya'yı finalde 2-1 yenen Sovyetler Birliği oldu. Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası'nın en başarılı ülkesi kupayı müzesine 3 kere götüren Almanya'dır. Ülkemiz ilk olarak 1996'da bu turnuvaya katıldı ve ne yazık ki gol dahi atamadan elendi. 2000'de çeyrek final, 2008'de ise yarı finale çıkma başarısı gösterdi. Ülkemiz katıldığı turnuvalarda başarılı bir performans gösterse de, turnuvalara katılımda istikrarsız oluşumuz Türk futbolunun prestijini Avrupa'da sarsıyor. 

Ülkemizin bir futbol ülkesi olması en büyük avantajımız. Turnuva düzenlemek için 8 stada sahip olunmalı. Final için kullanılacak stat en az 50 bin, diğerleri ise minimum 30 bin kapasiteli olmalı. Bir şehirden de maksimum 2 stada izin veriliyor.

Bu sene turnuva düzenliyor olsak 3 stadımız ön plana çıkıyor; Şükrü Saraçoğlu Stadyumu, Türk Telekom Arena, Olimpiyat Stadyumu. TT Arena ve Olimpiyat Stadyumu bir adım öne çıkıyor ancak o zaman da İstanbul'un en önemli özelliğini İstanbul Boğaz'ını ön plana çıkartamamış oluyoruz.

Şükrü Saraçoğlu Stadyumu, UEFA tarafından veto edilmişti fakat Şükrü Saraçoğlu'nun çevresini istimlâk ederek UEFA standartlarını yakalayabiliriz. 2020'ye kadar İnönü Stadı'nın da yenileneceğini ön görürsek alternatiflerimiz çoğalıyor.

Kalan 6 stat ise Antalya-İzmir-Eskişehir-Ankara-Bursa-Kayseri'den seçilecek. Bu listeye Adana'yı da ekleyebiliriz. Ancak şu anki mevcut siyasi irade Türk futbolunun en önemli sorunlarından biri olan statlara büyük önem vermekte ve tüm Türkiye'de butik statlar yapmakta.

AVANTAJLAR:

- Statlar yapılacak ya da yenilenecek

- Futbol heyecanı tüm ülkeye yayılacak

- Futbol reformları yapılacak

- 1,5 milyon kişi tribünlerden takip edecek

- Olimpiyatlardan daha fazla turist getirecek

- 24 gün sürecek

- Avrupa'nın en iyi takımları gelecek

- 4 milyardan fazla insan turnuvayı televizyonlarından takip edecek

DEZAVANTAJLARI:

- Bir şehirde azami 2 stat

- Maliyeti 2 milyar euro

- Zaten bir futbol ülkesi olmamız

- Olmazsa olmaz değil

DEĞERLENDİRME:

Zaten bir futbol ülkesiyiz, siyasi irade sayesinde, Türk futbolunda modern statlarda ve zeminlerde maçlar oynanmakta, Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası ülkemiz için çok da büyük artılar kazandırmayacak. Olimpiyatları doğru kullanabilirsek her yönden ülkemize büyük katkılar sağlayacak, ancak Trabzon'da düzenlenen Karadeniz Oyunları gibi  ya da Erzurum'da düzenlenen Kış Olimpiyatları gibi olacaksa hiç yeltenmeyelim. 

Teşekkürler, Diğer yazılarım için; yavuzkula.blogspot.com

Ökkeş Bölükbaşı, Temmuz.2016 – www.medyagunebakis.com/

http://www.medyagunebakis.com/haber_detay.asp?id=9032&menuid=66

Ökkeş Bölükbaşı, Temmuz.2016 – www.medyagunebakis.com/