COP21 AT STADE DE FRANCE, 2017
Global Warming Was Created By And For The Chinese İn Order To
Make U.S. Manufacturing Non-Competitive." He Later Said His Tweet Was A
Joke.
Trump
said via Twitter Wednesday night that he will announce his decision on the
climate change pact at the White House Rose Garden on Thursday.
195 countries signed Paris climate agreement, 2 oppose it. For
now.
According to CNN and Fox, two US officials say Trump is
expected to withdraw from the Paris agreement. Veuer's Josh King has the
story. Buzz60
If
President Trump makes good on a campaign pledge to withdraw the U.S. from the
Paris climate agreement, the nation will be allied — environmentally
speaking — with Nicaragua and Syria.
Trump
still hasn't said for sure whether he plans to back out of the climate pact,
which the U.S. and 194 other nations around the globe have signed. But The New York Times,
CNN and CBS News, citing unnamed U.S. officials, reported Wednesday that Trump
intends to withdraw from the agreement.
The
president played his cards close to his chest Wednesday afternoon in the White
House's Oval Office, deflecting questions about whether he plans to
withdraw from the Paris accord.
“You’re
going to find out very soon," Trump told reporters. The president has scoffed
at green causes in the past, even tweeting in a famous
2012 comment, "The concept of global warming was created by and
for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive." He
later said his tweet was a joke.
Trump
said via Twitter Wednesday night that he will announce his decision on the
climate change pact at the White House Rose Garden on Thursday.
A
secession from the Paris alliance would leave the U.S., which the European
Commission cites as the second largest carbon dioxide-emitting nation on the
planet, as one of only three nations out of 197 that are entitled to be in the
pact but refuse to do so. The others are Syria and Nicaragua.
Nicaragua's
envoy Paul Oquist said in a statement last year that Nicaragua, which produces
only a tiny fraction of the greenhouse emissions as the U.S., believes rich
industrialized countries should pay more for climate change, since they cause
more of the problem.
Syria,
heavily sanctioned by the U.N. over human rights violations amid a civil
conflict in the nation, flatly refused to commit to climate emissions control.
Bolstering
Success in Paris, The SIF15 -
Sustainable Innovation Forum was the largest business focused event
held during the annual COP - Conference of Parties last year on 7-
8 December at COP21 at Stade de France (Gate E) in Paris.
Building
on year-round work from Climate Action and the UN Environment Programme, the 2
day Forum will convened cross-sector participants from business, Government, finance, UN,
NGO and civil society to create an unparalleled opportunity to
bolster business innovation and bring scale to the emerging green economy.
SIF15 HİGHLİGHTS:
750+ attendees -
the largest number of global stakeholders at any commercially-inclusive side
event at COP21
International
attendance – decision makers from
across the globe represented 43 countries
Over 80 world class
speakers included country Ministers,
industry CEOs and international thought-leaders
Interactive
discussion panels were
held throughout the event, allowing for in-depth debate via audience
Q&A and polls
Workshops and
co-located events took place to maximise
content and networking opportunities throughout the two days.
Thank you all for attending 6th
annual Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF15) at Stade de France
COP21 was just the beginning - Find out how nations have progressed on their
COP21 commitments by attending the Sustainable
Innovation Forum 2016, taking place
on 15-16 November in Marrakech, Morocco – the largest
business-focused event being held during COP22. To find out more and to
register, click here: http://www.cop22marrakech.org/
See last year's event gallery here, check out our Storify here.
You can also access post event report here and watch the
highlights video here.
Check out our 2016 Event Calendar
Join
us at COP22
Exhibit
at UNEA
@ #Medya
Günebakış
Ökkeş Bölükbaşı, İstanbul – Ağustos.2017 – okkesb61@gmail.com,
http://www.medyagunebakis.com/ –– okkesb@turkfreezone.com,
https://twitter.com/okkesb ––––––– E.mail: okkesb@telmar.net,
https://www.facebook.com/okkes.bolukbasi,- okkesb@gmail.com,
Ökkeş Bölükbaşı, İstanbul – Ağustos.2017 – okkesb61@gmail.com,
Paris Agreement
The Parties to this
Agreement,
Being Parties to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as “the
Convention”,
Pursuant to the Durban Platform
for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the
Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session,
In pursuit of the objective of the
Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of
equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective
capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances,
Recognizing the need
for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate
change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge,
Also recognizing the specific
needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those
that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as
provided for in the Convention,
Taking full account
of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries
with regard to funding and transfer of technology,
Recognizing that Parties may be
affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the measures
taken in response to it,
Emphasizing the intrinsic
relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with
equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty,
Recognizing the fundamental
priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular
vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate
change,
Taking into account
the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of
decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development
priorities,
Acknowledging that climate change
is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address
climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on
human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local
communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in
vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality,
empowerment of women and intergenerational equity,
Recognizing the importance of the
conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of the
greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention,
Noting the importance of ensuring
the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of
biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting the
importance for some of the concept of “climate justice”, when taking action to
address climate change,
Affirming the
importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation,
public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters
addressed in this Agreement,
Recognizing the importance of the
engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in accordance with
respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing climate change,
Also recognizing that sustainable
lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with
developed country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing
climate change, Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
For the purpose of this Agreement,
the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. In
addition:
(a) “Convention” means the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May
1992;
(b) “Conference of the Parties”
means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention;
(c) “Party” means a Party to this
Agreement.
Article 2
1. This Agreement, in enhancing
the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to
strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context
of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty, including by:
(a) Holding the increase in the
global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and
pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above
pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the
risks and impacts of climate change;
(b) Increasing the ability to
adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience
and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not
threaten food production; and
(c) Making finance flows
consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and
climate-resilient development.
2. This Agreement will be
implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different
national circumstances.
Article 3
As nationally determined
contributions to the global response to climate change, all Parties are to
undertake and communicate ambitious efforts as defined in Articles 4, 7, 9, 10,
11 and 13 with the view to achieving the purpose of this Agreement as set out
in
Article 2. The efforts of all
Parties will represent a progression over time, while recognizing the need to
support developing country Parties for the effective implementation of this
Agreement.
Article 4
1.
In order to achieve the long-term temperature goal set out in Article 2,
Parties aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as
possible, recognizing that peaking will take longer for developing country
Parties, and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with best
available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions
by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this
century, on the basis of equity, and in the context of sustainable development
and efforts to eradicate poverty.
2. Each Party shall prepare,
communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions that it
intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the
aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions.
3. Each Party’s successive
nationally determined contribution will represent a progression beyond the
Party’s then current nationally determined contribution and reflect its highest
possible ambition, reflecting its common but differentiated responsibilities
and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances.
4. Developed country Parties should continue
taking the lead by undertaking economywide absolute emission reduction targets.
Developing country Parties should continue enhancing their mitigation efforts,
and are encouraged to move over time towards economy-wide emission reduction or
limitation targets in the light of different national circumstances.
5. Support shall be provided to
developing country Parties for the implementation of this Article, in
accordance with Articles 9, 10 and 11, recognizing that enhanced support for
developing country Parties will allow for higher ambition in their actions.
6. The least developed countries
and small island developing States may prepare and communicate strategies,
plans and actions for low greenhouse gas emissions development reflecting their
special circumstances.
7. Mitigation co-benefits
resulting from Parties’ adaptation actions and/or economic diversification
plans can contribute to mitigation outcomes under this Article.
8. In communicating their
nationally determined contributions, all Parties shall provide the information
necessary for clarity, transparency and understanding in accordance with
decision 1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
9. Each Party shall communicate a
nationally determined contribution every five years in accordance with decision
1/CP.21 and any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement and be informed by the outcomes of
the global stocktake referred to in Article 14.
10. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall consider common
time frames for nationally determined contributions at its first session.
11. A Party may at any time adjust
its existing nationally determined contribution with a view to enhancing its
level of ambition, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
12. Nationally determined
contributions communicated by Parties shall be recorded in a public registry
maintained by the secretariat.
13. Parties shall account for
their nationally determined contributions. In accounting for anthropogenic
emissions and removals corresponding to their nationally determined
contributions, Parties shall promote environmental integrity, transparency,
accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency, and ensure the avoidance
of double counting, in accordance with guidance adopted by the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
14. In the context of their
nationally determined contributions, when recognizing and implementing
mitigation actions with respect to anthropogenic emissions and removals,
Parties should take into account, as appropriate, existing methods and guidance
under the Convention, in the light of the provisions of paragraph 13 of this
Article.
15. Parties shall take into
consideration in the implementation of this Agreement the concerns of Parties
with economies most affected by the impacts of response measures, particularly
developing country Parties.
16. Parties, including regional
economic integration organizations and their member States, that have reached
an agreement to act jointly under paragraph 2 of this Article shall notify the
secretariat of the terms of that agreement, including the emission level
allocated to each Party within the relevant time period, when they communicate
their nationally determined contributions. The secretariat shall in turn inform
the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of that agreement.
17. Each party to such an
agreement shall be responsible for its emission level as set out in the
agreement referred to in paragraph 16 of this Article in accordance with
paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and Articles 13 and 15.
18. If Parties acting jointly do
so in the framework of, and together with, a regional economic integration
organization which is itself a Party to this Agreement, each member State of
that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with
the regional economic integration organization, shall be responsible for its
emission level as set out in the agreement communicated under paragraph 16 of
this Article in accordance with paragraphs 13 and 14 of this Article and
Articles 13 and 15.
19. All Parties should strive to
formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development
strategies, mindful of Article 2 taking into account their common but
differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of
different national circumstances.
Article 5
1. Parties should take action to
conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases
as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1(d), of the Convention, including
forests.
2. Parties are encouraged to take
action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the
existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed
under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for
activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests
and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; and
alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation
approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while
reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon
benefits associated with such approaches.
Article 6
1. Parties recognize that some
Parties choose to pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of their
nationally determined contributions to allow for higher ambition in their
mitigation and adaptation actions and to promote sustainable development and
environmental integrity.
2. Parties shall, where engaging
on a voluntary basis in cooperative approaches that involve the use of
internationally transferred mitigation outcomes towards nationally determined
contributions, promote sustainable development and ensure environmental
integrity and transparency, including in governance, and shall apply robust
accounting to ensure, inter alia, the avoidance of double counting, consistent
with guidance adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to this Agreement.
3. The use of internationally
transferred mitigation outcomes to achieve nationally determined contributions
under this Agreement shall be voluntary and authorized by participating
Parties.
4. A mechanism to contribute to
the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainable development
is hereby established under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement for use by
Parties on a voluntary basis. It shall be supervised by a body designated by
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement, and shall aim:
(a) To promote the mitigation of
greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development;
(b) To incentivize and facilitate
participation in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by public and
private entities authorized by a Party;
(c) To contribute to the reduction
of emission levels in the host Party, which will benefit from mitigation
activities resulting in emission reductions that can also be used by another
Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution; and
(d) To deliver an overall
mitigation in global emissions.
5. Emission reductions resulting
from the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article shall not be used
to demonstrate achievement of the host Party’s nationally determined
contribution if used by another Party to demonstrate achievement of its
nationally determined contribution.
6. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall ensure that a
share of the proceeds from activities under the mechanism referred to in
paragraph 4 of this Article is used to cover administrative expenses as well as
to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the
adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.
7. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall adopt rules,
modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this
Article at its first session.
8. Parties recognize the
importance of integrated, holistic and balanced non-market approaches being
available to Parties to assist in the implementation of their nationally
determined contributions, in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication, in a coordinated and effective manner, including through, inter
alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and
capacity-building, as appropriate. These approaches shall aim to:
(a) Promote mitigation and
adaptation ambition;
(b) Enhance public and private sector
participation in the implementation of nationally determined contributions; and
(c) Enable opportunities for
coordination across instruments and relevant institutional arrangements. 9. A
framework for non-market approaches to sustainable development is hereby
defined to promote the non-market approaches referred to in paragraph 8 of this
Article.
Article 7
1. Parties hereby establish the
global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening
resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, with a view to
contributing to sustainable development and ensuring an adequate adaptation
response in the context of the temperature goal referred to in Article 2.
2. Parties recognize that
adaptation is a global challenge faced by all with local, subnational,
national, regional and international dimensions, and that it is a key component
of and makes a contribution to the long-term global response to climate change
to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, taking into account the urgent
and immediate needs of those developing country Parties that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
3. The adaptation efforts of
developing country Parties shall be recognized, in accordance with the
modalities to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to this Agreement at its first session.
4. Parties recognize that the
current need for adaptation is significant and that greater levels of
mitigation can reduce the need for additional adaptation efforts, and that
greater adaptation needs can involve greater adaptation costs.
5. Parties acknowledge that
adaptation action should follow a country-driven, genderresponsive,
participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration
vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, and should be based on and
guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional
knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems, with a
view to integrating adaptation into relevant socioeconomic and environmental
policies and actions, where appropriate.
6. Parties recognize the
importance of support for and international cooperation on adaptation efforts
and the importance of taking into account the needs of developing country
Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse
effects of climate change.
7. Parties should strengthen their
cooperation on enhancing action on adaptation, taking into account the Cancun
Adaptation Framework, including with regard to:
(a) Sharing information, good
practices, experiences and lessons learned, including, as appropriate, as these
relate to science, planning, policies and implementation in relation to
adaptation actions;
(b) Strengthening institutional
arrangements, including those under the Convention that serve this Agreement,
to support the synthesis of relevant information and knowledge, and the
provision of technical support and guidance to Parties;
(c) Strengthening scientific
knowledge on climate, including research, systematic observation of the climate
system and early warning systems, in a manner that informs climate services and
supports decision-making;
(d) Assisting developing country
Parties in identifying effective adaptation practices, adaptation needs,
priorities, support provided and received for adaptation actions and efforts, and
challenges and gaps, in a manner consistent with encouraging good practices;
and
(e) Improving the effectiveness
and durability of adaptation actions.
8. United Nations specialized
organizations and agencies are encouraged to support the efforts of Parties to
implement the actions referred to in paragraph 7 of this Article, taking into
account the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article.
9. Each Party shall, as
appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of
actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans, policies
and/or contributions, which may include:
(a) The implementation of
adaptation actions, undertakings and/or efforts;
(b) The process to formulate and
implement national adaptation plans;
(c) The assessment of climate
change impacts and vulnerability, with a view to formulating nationally
determined prioritized actions, taking into account vulnerable people, places
and ecosystems;
(d) Monitoring and evaluating and
learning from adaptation plans, policies, programmes and actions; and
(e) Building the resilience of
socioeconomic and ecological systems, including through economic
diversification and sustainable management of natural resources.
10. Each Party should, as
appropriate, submit and update periodically an adaptation communication, which
may include its priorities, implementation and support needs, plans and
actions, without creating any additional burden for developing country Parties.
11. The adaptation communication
referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be, as appropriate, submitted
and updated periodically, as a component of or in conjunction with other
communications or documents, including a national adaptation plan, a nationally
determined contribution as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 2, and/or a
national communication.
12. The adaptation communications
referred to in paragraph 10 of this Article shall be recorded in a public
registry maintained by the secretariat.
13. Continuous and enhanced
international support shall be provided to developing country Parties for the
implementation of paragraphs 7, 9, 10 and 11 of this Article, in accordance
with the provisions of Articles 9, 10 and 11.
14. The global stocktake referred
to in Article 14 shall, inter alia:
(a) Recognize adaptation efforts
of developing country Parties;
(b) Enhance the implementation of
adaptation action taking into account the adaptation communication referred to
in paragraph 10 of this Article;
(c) Review the adequacy and
effectiveness of adaptation and support provided for adaptation; and
(d) Review the overall progress
made in achieving the global goal on adaptation referred to in paragraph 1 of
this Article.
Article 8
1. Parties recognize the
importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated
with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events
and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable development in reducing the
risk of loss and damage.
2. The Warsaw International
Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts shall be
subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving
as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement and may be enhanced and
strengthened, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
3. Parties should enhance
understanding, action and support, including through the Warsaw International
Mechanism, as appropriate, on a cooperative and facilitative basis with respect
to loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change.
4. Accordingly, areas of
cooperation and facilitation to enhance understanding, action and support may
include:
(a) Early warning systems;
(b) Emergency preparedness;
(c) Slow onset events;
(d) Events that may involve
irreversible and permanent loss and damage;
(e) Comprehensive risk assessment and
management;
(f) Risk insurance facilities,
climate risk pooling and other insurance solutions; (g) Non-economic losses;
and (h) Resilience of communities, livelihoods and ecosystems.
5. The Warsaw International
Mechanism shall collaborate with existing bodies and expert groups under the
Agreement, as well as relevant organizations and expert bodies outside the
Agreement.
Article 9
1. Developed country Parties shall
provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect
to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations
under the Convention.
2. Other Parties are encouraged to
provide or continue to provide such support voluntarily.
3. As part of a global effort,
developed country Parties should continue to take the lead in mobilizing
climate finance from a wide variety of sources, instruments and channels,
noting the significant role of public funds, through a variety of actions,
including supporting country-driven strategies, and taking into account the
needs and priorities of developing country Parties. Such mobilization of
climate finance should represent a progression beyond previous efforts.
4. The provision of scaled-up
financial resources should aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and
mitigation, taking into account country-driven strategies, and the priorities
and needs of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and have significant
capacity constraints, such as the least developed countries and small island
developing States, considering the need for public and grant-based resources
for adaptation.
5. Developed country Parties shall
biennially communicate indicative quantitative and qualitative information
related to paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article, as applicable, including, as
available, projected levels of public financial resources to be provided to
developing country Parties. Other Parties providing resources are encouraged to
communicate biennially such information on a voluntary basis.
6. The global stocktake referred
to in Article 14 shall take into account the relevant information provided by
developed country Parties and/or Agreement bodies on efforts related to climate
finance.
7. Developed country Parties shall
provide transparent and consistent information on support for developing
country Parties provided and mobilized through public interventions biennially
in accordance with the modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by
the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement, at its first session, as stipulated in Article 13, paragraph 13. Other
Parties are encouraged to do so. 8. The Financial Mechanism of the Convention,
including its operating entities, shall serve as the financial mechanism of
this Agreement. 9. The institutions serving this Agreement, including the
operating entities of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, shall aim to
ensure efficient access to financial resources through simplified approval
procedures and enhanced readiness support for developing country Parties, in
particular for the least developed countries and small island developing
States, in the context of their national climate strategies and plans.
Article 10
1. Parties share a long-term
vision on the importance of fully realizing technology development and transfer
in order to improve resilience to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
2. Parties, noting the importance
of technology for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions under
this Agreement and recognizing existing technology deployment and dissemination
efforts, shall strengthen cooperative action on technology development and
transfer.
3. The Technology Mechanism
established under the Convention shall serve this Agreement.
4. A technology framework is
hereby established to provide overarching guidance to the work of the
Technology Mechanism in promoting and facilitating enhanced action on
technology development and transfer in order to support the implementation of
this Agreement, in pursuit of the long-term vision referred to in paragraph 1
of this Article.
5. Accelerating, encouraging and
enabling innovation is critical for an effective, longterm global response to
climate change and promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Such
effort shall be, as appropriate, supported, including by the Technology
Mechanism and, through financial means, by the Financial Mechanism of the
Convention, for collaborative approaches to research and development, and
facilitating access to technology, in particular for early stages of the
technology cycle, to developing country Parties.
6. Support, including financial
support, shall be provided to developing country Parties for the implementation
of this Article, including for strengthening cooperative action on technology
development and transfer at different stages of the technology cycle, with a
view to achieving a balance between support for mitigation and adaptation. The
global stocktake referred to in Article 14 shall take into account available
information on efforts related to support on technology development and
transfer for developing country Parties.
Article 11
1. Capacity-building under this
Agreement should enhance the capacity and ability of developing country
Parties, in particular countries with the least capacity, such as the least
developed countries, and those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse
effects of climate change, such as small island developing States, to take
effective climate change action, including, inter alia, to implement adaptation
and mitigation actions, and should facilitate technology development,
dissemination and deployment, access to climate finance, relevant aspects of
education, training and public awareness, and the transparent, timely and
accurate communication of information.
2. Capacity-building should be
country-driven, based on and responsive to national needs, and foster country
ownership of Parties, in particular, for developing country Parties,
including at the national,
subnational and local levels. Capacity-building should be guided by lessons
learned, including those from capacity-building activities under the
Convention, and should be an effective, iterative process that is
participatory, cross-cutting and genderresponsive. 3. All Parties should
cooperate to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties to implement
this Agreement. Developed country Parties should enhance support for
capacitybuilding actions in developing country Parties. 4. All Parties
enhancing the capacity of developing country Parties to implement this
Agreement, including through regional, bilateral and multilateral approaches,
shall regularly communicate on these actions or measures on capacity-building.
Developing country Parties should regularly communicate progress made on
implementing capacitybuilding plans, policies, actions or measures to implement
this Agreement. 5. Capacity-building activities shall be enhanced through
appropriate institutional arrangements to support the implementation of this
Agreement, including the appropriate institutional arrangements established under
the Convention that serve this Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving
as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall, at its first session,
consider and adopt a decision on the initial institutional arrangements for
capacity-building.
Article 12
Parties shall cooperate in taking
measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change education, training, public
awareness, public participation and public access to information, recognizing
the importance of these steps with respect to enhancing actions under this
Agreement.
Article 13
1. In order to build mutual trust
and confidence and to promote effective implementation, an enhanced
transparency framework for action and support, with built-in flexibility which
takes into account Parties’ different capacities and builds upon collective
experience is hereby established.
2. The transparency framework
shall provide flexibility in the implementation of the provisions of this
Article to those developing country Parties that need it in the light of their
capacities. The modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph
13 of this Article shall reflect such flexibility.
3. The transparency framework
shall build on and enhance the transparency arrangements under the Convention,
recognizing the special circumstances of the least developed countries and
small island developing States, and be implemented in a facilitative,
non-intrusive, non-punitive manner, respectful of national sovereignty, and
avoid placing undue burden on Parties.
4. The transparency arrangements
under the Convention, including national communications, biennial reports and
biennial update reports, international assessment and review and international
consultation and analysis, shall form part of the experience drawn upon for the
development of the modalities, procedures and guidelines under paragraph 13 of
this Article.
5. The purpose of the framework
for transparency of action is to provide a clear understanding of climate
change action in the light of the objective of the Convention as set out in its
Article 2, including clarity and tracking of progress towards achieving
Parties’ individual nationally determined contributions under Article 4, and
Parties’ adaptation actions under Article 7, including good practices, priorities,
needs and gaps, to inform the global stocktake under Article 14.
6. The purpose of the framework
for transparency of support is to provide clarity on support provided and
received by relevant individual Parties in the context of climate change
actions under Articles 4, 7, 9, 10 and 11, and, to the extent possible, to
provide a full overview of aggregate financial support provided, to inform the
global stocktake under Article 14.
7. Each Party shall regularly
provide the following information:
(a) A national inventory report of
anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases,
prepared using good practice methodologies accepted by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement; and
(b) Information necessary to track
progress made in implementing and achieving its nationally determined
contribution under Article 4.
8. Each Party should also provide
information related to climate change impacts and adaptation under Article 7,
as appropriate.
9. Developed country Parties
shall, and other Parties that provide support should, provide information on
financial, technology transfer and capacity-building support provided to
developing country Parties under Articles 9,
10 and 11. 10. Developing country
Parties should provide information on financial, technology transfer and
capacity-building support needed and received under Articles 9, 10 and 11.
11. Information submitted by each
Party under paragraphs 7 and 9 of this Article shall undergo a technical expert
review, in accordance with decision 1/CP.21. For those developing country
Parties that need it in the light of their capacities, the review process shall
include assistance in identifying capacity-building needs. In addition, each
Party shall participate in a facilitative, multilateral consideration of
progress with respect to efforts under Article 9, and its respective
implementation and achievement of its nationally determined contribution.
12. The technical expert review
under this paragraph shall consist of a consideration of the Party’s support
provided, as relevant, and its implementation and achievement of its nationally
determined contribution. The review shall also identify areas of improvement
for the Party, and include a review of the consistency of the information with
the modalities, procedures and guidelines referred to in paragraph 13 of this
Article, taking into account the flexibility accorded to the Party under
paragraph 2 of this Article. The review shall pay particular attention to the
respective national capabilities and circumstances of developing country
Parties.
13. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall, at its first
session, building on experience from the arrangements related to transparency
under the Convention, and elaborating on the provisions in this Article, adopt
common modalities, procedures and guidelines, as appropriate, for the
transparency of action and support.
14. Support shall be provided to
developing countries for the implementation of this Article.
15. Support shall also be provided
for the building of transparency-related capacity of developing country Parties
on a continuous basis.
Article 14
1. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall periodically take
stock of the implementation of this Agreement to assess the collective progress
towards achieving the purpose of this Agreement and its long-term goals
(referred to as the “global stocktake”). It shall do so in a comprehensive and
facilitative manner, considering mitigation, adaptation and the means of
implementation and support, and in the light of equity and the best available
science.
2. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall undertake its
first global stocktake in 2023 and every five years thereafter unless otherwise
decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to this Agreement.
3. The outcome of the global
stocktake shall inform Parties in updating and enhancing, in a nationally
determined manner, their actions and support in accordance with the relevant
provisions of this Agreement, as well as in enhancing international cooperation
for climate action.
Article 15
1. A mechanism to facilitate
implementation of and promote compliance with the provisions of this Agreement
is hereby established.
2. The mechanism referred to in
paragraph 1 of this Article shall consist of a committee that shall be
expert-based and facilitative in nature and function in a manner that is
transparent, non-adversarial and non-punitive. The committee shall pay
particular attention to the respective national capabilities and circumstances
of Parties.
3. The committee shall operate
under the modalities and procedures adopted by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement at its first session
and report annually to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to this Agreement.
Article 16
1. The Conference of the Parties,
the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the meeting of the Parties
to this Agreement.
2. Parties to the Convention that
are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the
proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to this Agreement. When the Conference of the Parties
serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, decisions under this
Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement.
3. When the Conference of the
Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement, any member of the
Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention
but, at that time, not a Party to this Agreement, shall be replaced by an
additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this
Agreement.
4. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement shall keep under
regular review the implementation of this Agreement and shall make, within its
mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It
shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Agreement and shall:
(a) Establish such subsidiary
bodies as deemed necessary for the implementation of this Agreement; and
(b) Exercise such other functions
as may be required for the implementation of this Agreement.
5. The rules of procedure of the
Conference of the Parties and the financial procedures applied under the
Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Agreement, except as
may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving
as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
6. The first session of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first
session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of
entry into force of this Agreement. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement shall be held in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference
of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
7. Extraordinary sessions of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six
months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it
is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
8. The United Nations and its
specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any
State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be
represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to this Agreement as observers. Any body or agency, whether
national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified
in matters covered by this Agreement and which has informed the secretariat of
its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement as an observer, may be
so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The
admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of
procedure referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article.
Article 17
1. The secretariat established by
Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Agreement.
2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the
secretariat, and Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention, on the arrangements
made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to
this Agreement. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions
assigned to it under this Agreement and by the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement.
Article 18
1. The Subsidiary Body for
Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation
established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve, respectively,
as the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary
Body for Implementation of this Agreement. The provisions of the Convention
relating to the functioning of these two bodies shall apply mutatis mutandis to
this Agreement. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific
and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this
Agreement shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body
for Implementation of the Convention.
2. Parties to the Convention that
are not Parties to this Agreement may participate as observers in the
proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies
serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Agreement, decisions under this
Agreement shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Agreement.
3. When the subsidiary bodies
established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions
with regard to matters concerning this Agreement, any member of the bureaux of
those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that
time, not a Party to this Agreement, shall be replaced by an additional member
to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Agreement.
Article 19
1. Subsidiary bodies or other
institutional arrangements established by or under the Convention, other than
those referred to in this Agreement, shall serve this Agreement upon a decision
of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Agreement. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to this Agreement shall specify the functions to be exercised by such
subsidiary bodies or arrangements.
2. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Agreement may provide further
guidance to such subsidiary bodies and institutional arrangements.
Article 20
1. This Agreement shall be open
for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and
regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the Convention.
It shall be open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York
from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017. Thereafter, this Agreement shall be open
for accession from the day following the date on which it is closed for
signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall
be deposited with the Depositary.
2. Any regional economic
integration organization that becomes a Party to this Agreement without any of its
member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this
Agreement. In the case of regional economic integration organizations with one
or more member States that are Parties to this Agreement, the organization and
its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the
performance of their obligations under this Agreement. In such cases, the
organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights
under this Agreement concurrently.
3. In their instruments of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration
organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the
matters governed by this Agreement. These organizations shall also inform the
Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial
modification in the extent of their competence.
Article 21
1. This Agreement shall enter into
force on the thirtieth day after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the
Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 per cent of the
total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
2. Solely for the limited purpose
of paragraph 1 of this Article, “total global greenhouse gas emissions” means
the most up-to-date amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of
this Agreement by the Parties to the Convention.
3. For each State or regional
economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or approves this
Agreement or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 of
this Article for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Agreement shall
enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit by such State
or regional economic integration organization of its instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
4. For the purposes of paragraph 1
of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration
organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by its
member States.
Article 22
The provisions of Article 15 of
the Convention on the adoption of amendments to the Convention shall apply
mutatis mutandis to this Agreement.
Article 23
1. The provisions of Article 16 of
the Convention on the adoption and amendment of annexes to the Convention shall
apply mutatis mutandis to this Agreement.
2. Annexes to this Agreement shall
form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided for, a
reference to this Agreement constitutes at the same time a reference to any
annexes thereto. Such annexes shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other
material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural
or administrative character.
Article 24
The provisions of Article 14 of
the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this
Agreement.
Article 25
1. Each Party shall have one vote,
except as provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article.
2. Regional economic integration
organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right
to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that
are Parties to this Agreement. Such an organization shall not exercise its
right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa.
Article 26
The Secretary-General of the
United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Agreement.
Article 27
No reservations may be made to
this Agreement.
Article 28
1. At any time after three years
from the date on which this Agreement has entered into force for a Party, that
Party may withdraw from this Agreement by giving written notification to the
Depositary. 2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year
from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal,
or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.
3. Any Party that withdraws from
the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this
Agreement.
Article 29
The original of this Agreement, of
which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are
equally authentic, shall be deposited with the SecretaryGeneral of the United
Nations. DONE at Paris this twelfth day of December two thousand and fifteen.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this
Agreement.
@ #Medya
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